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Plato, trapped by the weight of the absolute negation of Parmenides

Parmenides had written that “there is [to be] and it is not possible not to be” (fr. 2. 3) and, consequently, that “it is necessary to exist absolutely, or not” (Fr. 8. 11). The absolute nature of this thesis excludes any possibility for being of something that is not, because since “this will never...

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Autor Principal: Cordero, Néstor Luis
Formato: Artículo revista
Lenguaje:spa
Publicado: AADEC - UNL 2021
Acceso en línea:https://bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar/publicaciones/index.php/argos/article/view/10770
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spelling oai:bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar:article-107702021-11-19T18:34:58Z Plato, trapped by the weight of the absolute negation of Parmenides Platón, atrapado bajo el peso de la negación absoluta de Parménides Cordero, Néstor Luis Parmenides had written that “there is [to be] and it is not possible not to be” (fr. 2. 3) and, consequently, that “it is necessary to exist absolutely, or not” (Fr. 8. 11). The absolute nature of this thesis excludes any possibility for being of something that is not, because since “this will never be imposed: that there are things that are not” (fr. 7. 1). But “dialogue”, the foundation of philosophy, implies opposing opinions, even contradictory, and, according to Parmenides’ interpretation in Plato’s time (interpretation that he shares), every denial implies contradiction, and if a discourse that expose things as they are, a contradictory discourse would say “what is not”. The main objective of the Sophist is precisely to justify the possibility of false discourse, even if it says “what is not”. And to do so Plato must relativize the notion of Parmenides’ absolute not-being and transform it into “not to be the same as... X”, that is, “to be different from...”: a false speech says something “different” from what it is. But this not-being as different has only predicative validity. Ontologically, the absolute not-being does not exist, and Plato implicitly admits that Parmenides was not wrong. Parménides había escrito que “hay [ser] y no es posible no ser” (fr. 2. 3) y, en consecuencia, “es necesario existir absolutamente, o no” (fr. 8. 11). El carácter absoluto de esta tesis excluye toda posibilidad de que algo que no es, sea, puesto que “nunca se impondrá esto: que haya cosas que no son” (fr. 7. 1). Pero ocurre que el diálogo, fundamento de la filosofía, supone opiniones enfrentadas, incluso contradictorias, y, según la interpretación de Parménides que se tiene en la época de Platón, y que él comparte, toda negación supone contrariedad, y si una tesis dice las cosas tal como son, su contradictoria diría “lo que no es”. El objetivo principal del Sofista es, precisamente, justificar la posibilidad del discurso falso, a pesar de que diga “lo que no es”. Y para ello debe relativizar la noción de no-ser absoluto de Parménides y transformarlo en “no ser lo mismo que... X”, o sea, “ser diferente de...”: un discurso falso dice algo “diferente” de lo que es. Pero este no-ser en tanto que diferente sólo tiene vigencia predicativa. Ontológicamente, el no-ser absoluto no existe, y Platón admite implícitamente que Parménides no estaba equivocado. AADEC - UNL 2021-10-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion artículo Articulo info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar/publicaciones/index.php/argos/article/view/10770 10.14409/argos.2019.44.e0019 Argos; Núm. 44 (2019): Argos; e0019 Argos; No 44 (2019): Argos; e0019 Argos; n. 44 (2019): Argos; e0019 1853-6379 0325-4194 10.14409/argos.2019.44 spa info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/ https://bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar/publicaciones/index.php/argos/article/view/10770/14406 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Derechos de autor 2021 Argos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
institution Universidad Nacional del Litoral
collection Publicaciones periódicas
language spa
format Artículo revista
description Parmenides had written that “there is [to be] and it is not possible not to be” (fr. 2. 3) and, consequently, that “it is necessary to exist absolutely, or not” (Fr. 8. 11). The absolute nature of this thesis excludes any possibility for being of something that is not, because since “this will never be imposed: that there are things that are not” (fr. 7. 1). But “dialogue”, the foundation of philosophy, implies opposing opinions, even contradictory, and, according to Parmenides’ interpretation in Plato’s time (interpretation that he shares), every denial implies contradiction, and if a discourse that expose things as they are, a contradictory discourse would say “what is not”. The main objective of the Sophist is precisely to justify the possibility of false discourse, even if it says “what is not”. And to do so Plato must relativize the notion of Parmenides’ absolute not-being and transform it into “not to be the same as... X”, that is, “to be different from...”: a false speech says something “different” from what it is. But this not-being as different has only predicative validity. Ontologically, the absolute not-being does not exist, and Plato implicitly admits that Parmenides was not wrong.
author Cordero, Néstor Luis
spellingShingle Cordero, Néstor Luis
Plato, trapped by the weight of the absolute negation of Parmenides
author_facet Cordero, Néstor Luis
author_sort Cordero, Néstor Luis
title Plato, trapped by the weight of the absolute negation of Parmenides
title_short Plato, trapped by the weight of the absolute negation of Parmenides
title_full Plato, trapped by the weight of the absolute negation of Parmenides
title_fullStr Plato, trapped by the weight of the absolute negation of Parmenides
title_full_unstemmed Plato, trapped by the weight of the absolute negation of Parmenides
title_sort plato, trapped by the weight of the absolute negation of parmenides
publisher AADEC - UNL
publishDate 2021
url https://bibliotecavirtual.unl.edu.ar/publicaciones/index.php/argos/article/view/10770
_version_ 1717147866097516544
score 11.8626

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